Extended Data Fig. 10: NA, astrocyte cAMP and Ca²⁺ signals in a context relevant or irrelevant to fear.

a, Histological analysis of optical fiber placement in LA/B for fiber photometry. Termination sites were mapped onto a standard atlas (adapted from Paxinos, G. & Franklin, K.B.J. The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates, 2nd ed. Academic Press, 2001). Circles show fiber tips from individual mice, color-coded by experimental group. n = 6 mice in GRAB_NE2h and 8 mice in cAMPinG1/RCaMP3 experiments. b, Freezing before, during, after FC, during FR, and in CtxB (distinct from CtxA). Freezing was lower in CtxB and in CtxA with Prop vs FR (FR: n = 14; CtxB: n = 13; Prop: n = 8 mice). c, dF/F traces: NA signals evoked by CtxA or CtxB (early) persisted longer in CtxA (late). n = 6 mice. d, Scatter plots: integrated areas of early and late NA signals in CtxA vs CtxB. n = 6 mice. e, Astrocyte cAMP traces: gradual buildup in HC, strong early responses to context exposure. FR further enhanced late cAMP in CtxA, not CtxB. n = 8 mice. f, Scatter plots: late cAMP signal areas higher in CtxA vs CtxB, consistent with GRAB_NE2h. n = 8 mice. g, Astrocyte Ca²⁺ traces: evoked by context exposure (early). At 7–15 min, signal frequency remained elevated in CtxA, not CtxB (late). n = 7 mice. h, Scatter plots: late Ca²⁺ frequency higher in CtxA vs CtxB. n = 7 mice. Wilcoxon signed-rank test or paired t test was used based on normality of the data distribution. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001; ns, not significantly different. Data are mean ± SEM (error bars smaller than symbols in some cases). Sample sizes and replicates in Supplementary Table 1.