Extended Data Fig. 1: Single-cell RNA sequencing of lamina propria CD45⁺ cells, epithelial cells, and stromal cells.

(a) UMAP visualization of all sequenced single-cell transcriptomes derived from stromal cells, epithelial cells, and CD45⁺ cells, labeled by cell hashtags. (b) UMAP visualization of all sequenced single-cell transcriptomes derived from stromal cells, epithelial cells, and CD45⁺ cells, labeled by experimental condition. (c) Cell proportion changes (y-axis) for non-inflamed (black) and inflamed (red) samples (3 mice/pool, 3 pools/group, Mean ± SEM; Wilcoxon rank-sum test). (d, e) Relative Osm gene expression in stromal (d) (calcein⁺, CD45^-, EpCAM^-) and epithelial (e) (EpCAM⁺, CD45^-) cells (3 mice/pool, 3 pools/group,Mean ± SEM; Wilcoxon rank-sum test). (f) Absolute counts (upper panel) and proportions (lower panel) of immune cell populations among Osm-expressing cells in steady-state mice and after H. hepaticus + αIL-10R colitis induction. (g) Osmr relative expression and percentage of Osmr-expressing stromal cells (3 mice/pool, 3 pools/group, Mean ± SEM; Wilcoxon rank-sum test). (h) Osmr relative gene expression in CD45⁺ cells (3 mice/pool, 3 pools/group, Mean ± SEM; Wilcoxon rank-sum test).