Extended Data Fig. 10: Novel markers identify distinct human TFH subpopulations in spike tetramer-specific PBMCs of SARS-CoV-2 infected and mRNA vaccinated donors.

a, CD3+CD4+CD45RA−CD45RO+CXCR5+ TFH cells from six tonsil samples (n = 6) from healthy adult donors displaying TFH surface marker frequencies in TFH populations (Q1-Q4) distinguished by CD151 and CD99. b, Gating strategy to identify SARS-CoV-2 spike tetramer+ cTFH cells. c,d Spike tetramer+ cells in (c) SARS-CoV-2 infection (11/11 donors; n = 11) or 6 months convalescence (10/11 donors; n = 10), or (d) nine COVID-19 mRNA vaccinated donors (n = 9) at 7 days post-vaccine and 3 months post-vaccine. Frequency Spike tetramer+ CD3+CD4+CD45RA− T cells and CD3+CD4+CD45RA−CXCR5+ TFH cells. Data show experiments of 8-11 samples per group. Statistical test: Two-tailed paired Student’s t test. **** P values are <0.0001 or otherwise indicated.