Extended Data Fig. 1: Induction of T_FH response following diverse infection compared to steady state homeostasis.

a, Gating strategy to identify CD4⁺CD44⁺CXCR5⁺PD-1⁺Ly6C⁻CD162⁻ T_FH and CD4⁺CD44⁺Ly6C⁺CD162⁺ T_EFF cells and Bcl-6 expression. b, Timecourse analysis of draining lymph node GC cells from wild-type mice infected with indicated pathogens displaying frequencies and counts of CD4⁺CD44⁺CXCR5⁺PD-1⁺Ly6C⁻CD162⁻ T_FH cells (closed circle) and B220⁺IgD^loCD95⁺ GC B cells (open circle) (LCMV n = 3, influenza n = 4, H. polygyrus n = 4, C. rodentium n = 3 mice per group). T.muris data in⁷. c, Steady state analysis of indicated lymph nodes from uninfected wild-type mice. CD4⁺CD44⁺ cell counts, frequency of CD4⁺CD44⁺CXCR5⁺PD-1⁺Ly6C⁻CD162⁻ T_FH cells and frequency of T_FH cells produced IFNγ, IL-4, and IL-17 (n = 10 mice per group). d,e Analysis of draining lymph node cells from (d) wild-type and (e) ZsGreen_T-bet reporter mice infected with indicated pathogens at early peak GC response. (d) Total lymphocyte counts, CD4⁺CD44⁺ cell counts and frequency of CD4⁺CD44⁺ cells of live cells (LCMV n = 8, influenza n = 8, T. muris n = 6, H. polygyrus n = 9, C. rodentium n = 11 mice per group). (e) ZsGreen_T-bet reporter⁺ frequency and gMFI of CD4⁺CD44⁺Ly6C⁺CD162⁺ T_EFF cells (LCMV n = 8, influenza n = 8, T. muris n = 6, H. polygyrus n = 10, C. rodentium n = 7 mice per group). Data show experiments of 6–10 mice per group and mean ± SEM. Statistical tests: one-way ANOVA of multiple comparisons. **** P values are <0.0001 or otherwise indicated.

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