Table 1 Baseline characteristics
From: Low-voltage-area ablation for persistent atrial fibrillation: a randomized controlled trial
PVI + LVA-ABL | PVI-alone | |
|---|---|---|
n = 170 | n = 171 | |
Age, years | 73.8 ± 6.8 | 74.7 ± 6.1 |
Female, n (%) | 85 (50) | 82 (48) |
Body mass index, kg per m2 | 23.7 ± 4.1 | 23.7 ± 3.8 |
Heart rate, beats per min | 81.4 ± 17.2 | 81.7 ± 17.1 |
Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 126 ± 17 | 126 ± 17 |
AF period, days | 189 (83, 662) | 180 (87, 602) |
Duration of AF persistence, d | 115 (63, 342) | 110 (59, 290) |
Long-standing persistent AFa, n (%) | 38 (22) | 32 (19) |
Hypertension, n (%) | 117 (68) | 125 (74) |
Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 42 (25) | 35 (21) |
Congestive heart failure, n (%) | 54 (32) | 49 (29) |
NYHA functional class II, n | 35 | 33 |
NYHA functional class III, n | 4 | 3 |
NYHA functional class IV, n | 0 | 0 |
Stroke, n (%) | 15 (9) | 19 (11) |
Vascular disease, n (%) | 3 (2) | 4 (2) |
Myocardial infarction, n (%) | 4 (2) | 3 (2) |
NT-pro BNP, pg per ml | 1150 (737, 1874) | 1008 (653, 1578) |
eGFR, ml per min per 1.73 m2 | 60.5 ± 17.0 | 60.5 ± 14.7 |
CHA2DS2-VASc score | 3.4 ± 1.3 | 3.5 ± 1.5 |
Anticoagulants | ||
Direct oral anticoagulants, n (%) | 166 (98) | 162 (95) |
Warfarin, n (%) | 2 (1) | 9 (5) |
Antiarrhythmic drugs, n (%) | 9 (5) | 13 (8) |
Echocardiography | ||
Left atrial diameter, mm | 44.1 ± 5.4 | 43.6 ± 5.5 |
Left ventricular ejection fraction, % | 55.8 ± 10.7 | 57.4 ± 10.4 |
