Table 2 Procedural characteristics
From: Low-voltage-area ablation for persistent atrial fibrillation: a randomized controlled trial
PVI + LVA-ABL | PVI alone | Pa | |
|---|---|---|---|
n = 170 | n = 171 | ||
Total procedure time, min | 192.1 ± 72.8 | 163.8 ± 59.1 | <0.001 |
Total ablation time, s | 2461 ± 916 | 1761 ± 575 | <0.001 |
Total applied radiofrequency energy, kJ | 86.2 ± 27.0 | 63.2 ± 19.8 | <0.001 |
Deflectable sheath, n (%) | 134 (79) | 134 (78) | >0.999 |
Mapping catheter | |||
Circular catheter, n (%) | 23 (14) | 21 (12) | 0.749 |
Radiating catheter, n (%) | 147 (87) | 150 (88) | |
Mapping points, n | 1876 ± 761 | 1843 ± 772 | 0.689 |
Mapping time, min | 18.5 ± 8.1 | 17.4 ± 7.0 | 0.163 |
LVA size, cm2 | 13.2 (8.5–21.5) | 14.0 (8.7–24.3) | 0.800 |
Left atrial surface area size, cm2 | 164.5 (136.8, 195.8) | 158.2 (132.6, 185.0) | 0.129 |
LVA ablation | 170 (100) | 0 | |
Applied energy, kJ | 21.5 (13.2, 30.6) | ||
Ablation time, s | 648 ± 357 | ||
Complete homogenization, n (%) | 133 (78) | ||
Pulmonary vein isolation, n (%) | 170 (100) | 171 (100) | |
First-pass isolation (left side), n (%) | 151 (89) | 149 (87) | 0.740 |
First-pass isolation (right side), n (%) | 147 (87) | 151 (88) | 0.628 |
Nonpulmonary-vein AF trigger ablation, n (%) | 9 (5) | 17 (10) | 0.152 |
Superior vena cava, n (%) | 3 (2) | 5 (3) | 0.723 |
Right atrium, n (%) | 2 (1) | 4 (2) | 0.685 |
Left atrium, n (%) | 5 (3) | 7 (4) | 0.770 |
Coronary sinus, n (%) | 1 (1) | 1 (1) | >0.999 |
Cavo-tricuspid isthmus ablation, n (%) | 43 (25) | 40 (23) | 0.706 |
For clinical AFL, n (%) | 6 (4) | 4 (2) | 0.542 |
For induced AFL, n (%) | 36 (21) | 35 (21) | 0.895 |
As empirical ablation, n (%) | 1 (1) | 1 (1) | >0.999 |
Ablation of regular AT, n (%) | 28 (17) | 12 (7) | 0.007 |
Perimitral AT, n (%) | 6 (4) | 3 (2) | 0.336 |
Roof-dependent AT, n (%) | 5 (14) | 3 (19) | 0.502 |
Other ATs, n (%) | 24 (14) | 10 (6) | 0.012 |
