Extended Data Fig. 4: Differential gene expression profiling.

a. Strength and direction of association between DFS and gene expression in the nivolumab arm versus that in the placebo arm. For each gene, the association in each arm is summarized by log₂(HR), where the HR compares estimated hazards at the 75th and 25th percentiles of expression levels (percentiles defined for both arms combined). Positive values indicate that patients with higher expression levels tended to have greater hazard, ie, shorter DFS. Negative values indicate the opposite. Genes with interaction effect FDR ≤ 0.1 (from likelihood ratio tests) are labeled. Not all such gene symbols are shown due to overlap. FDR, false discovery rate. b. The 40 genes with most negative (left panel) or most positive (right panel) difference between log₂(HR) for nivolumab (NIVO) and log₂(HR) for placebo (PLB) (ie, treatment-gene interaction), among all genes with FDR ≤ 0.1 for a test of that difference. Here, HR is defined as in (a).