Extended Data Fig. 3: Correlations between additional glucose spike metrics and multimodal factors in the PROGRESS cohort.

Spearman’s rank correlation coefficients (dots) between glucose spike metrics representing the expected daily number of spikes, defined as the daily number of glucose spikes, averaged across different days (a); the expected maximum spike relative value, defined as the maximum spike value relative to the baseline, averaged across different days (b); the nocturnal hypoglycemia, defined as the average minimum glucose value occurring between 24:00 and 7:00, averaged across different days (c); the percentage of time spent above 150 mg dl⁻¹ (d). Two-sided statistical tests were used. Lines represent 95% confidence intervals. Correlations with statistically significant FDR-corrected p-values are marked with the star symbol. Multimodal factors are divided into three groups: demographic factors (top), metabolic factors (middle), and lifestyle factors (bottom). FDR, false discovery rate; P, p-value; n, sample size.