Extended Data Fig. 8: Comparison of ion transport pathways of Na⁺-transporting EhV-ATPase and H⁺-transporting V-ATPases.

The colours of the ion transport pathways are consistent with those in Fig. 4. (a–f) Side views (as in Fig. 4j) and top views (as in Fig. 4c) of the electronegative cavity leading to the periplasm of the V_O parts from E. hirae (a, d), yeast (b, e; PDB ID: 6M0S), and rat (c, f; PDB ID: 6VQC). Residues conserved across both the Na⁺- and H⁺-transporting V-ATPases are highlighted in cyan boxes. The V-161 binding sites specific to EhV-ATPase and analogous sites in H⁺-transporting V-ATPases from yeast and rat are shown in red boxes.