Extended Data Fig. 2: Characterizations of His-polymers isolated from HeLa cells.

PET-RAFT polymerization was conducted within cells utilizing a hexa-histidine-tagged CTA known as His-CTA (for detailed polymerization cocktail compositions, refer to Table 1). Polymers synthesized intracellularly were procured through dialysis (with a molecular weight cut-off, MWCO, of 1,000 Da) and IMAC isolation. The following polymers were characterized using 1H NMR (in d6-DMSO): a, His-PHPMA-1. b, His-PHPMA-2. c, His-PDMA-3. d, His-PDMA-1. e, His-PDMA-2. f, His-PDMA-3. g, GPC traces for isolated polymers: His-PHPMA-1, His-PHPMA-2, and His-PHPMA-3. h, GPC traces for isolated polymers: His-PDMA-1, His-PDMA-2, and His-PDMA-3. Figure adapted with permission from ref. 20, American Chemical Society.