Table 2 List of corollary datasets used to construct and benchmark NPKGRIDS.

9

CROPGRIDS

Global gridded crop harvested area [ha of crop area] for 173 crops at a resolution of 0.05 degree (~5.6 km at the equator); reference year 2020.

Corollary

^26,27

Available at: https://figshare.com/articles/dataset/CROPGRIDS/22491997

10

MRF

Global gridded crop harvested area [ha of crop area] for 175 crops at a resolution of 0.0833 degree (~10 km at the equator); reference year 2000.

Corollary

³⁴

Available at: https://sedac.ciesin.columbia.edu/data/set/aglands-croplands-2000

11

CROP-AU

Tabulated crop harvested area [ha of crop area] at national level obtained from National Statistics Offices (NSOs) in Australia in 2016.

Corollary

³⁵

Available at: https://www.abs.gov.au/statistics/industry/agriculture/land-management-and-farming-australia/latest-release#data-downloads

12

CROP-BY

Tabulated crop harvested area [ha of crop area] at national level obtained from National Statistics Offices (NSOs) in Belarus 2020.

Corollary

³⁶

Available at: https://www.belstat.gov.by/en/ofitsialnaya-statistika/real-sector-of-the-economy/selskoe-hozyaistvo/anual_data/sown-area-under-main-agricultural-crops-by-region/

13

FAOSTAT (crop harvested area)

Tabulated crop harvested area [ha of crop area] at national level obtained from FAOSTAT, from 2006 to 2020.

Corollary

³⁷

Available at: https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QCL

13

GAUL

Gridded administrative units for all countries; reference year 2015; level 0 (national level), level 1 (subnational level).

Corollary

³⁸

Available at: https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/datasets/catalog/FAO_GAUL_2015_level1#description

14

FAOSTAT (N, P, K applied mass)

Tabulated total applied mass (non-crop-specific) of N, P₂O₅, K₂O [tonnes] at national-level for 161 countries, from 2015–2020.

Benchmarking

⁴¹

Available at: https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/RFN

15

IFASTAT (N, P, K applied mass)

Tabulated total applied mass (non-crop-specific) of N, P₂O₅, K₂O [tonnes] at national-level for 110 countries, from 2015–2020.

Benchmarking

¹¹

Available at: https://www.ifastat.org/databases/plant-nutrition

16

NSO (N, P, K applied mass)

Tabulated total applied mass (non-crop-specific) of N, P₂O₅ (or P), K₂O (or K) [tonnes] at national and subnational levels for 37 countries and 166 subnational units, from 2006–2020, including 32 countries in Europe, India, Pakistan, China, Iran, and Sri Lanka.

Benchmarking

^{42,43,44,45,46,47}

See details in Supplementary Table 2