Fig. 1

Schematic workflow of full-length transcriptome analysis for wing dimorphism in Sitobion avenae. The analysis begins with the collection of winged and wingless nymph samples, followed by Iso-Seq and RNA-Seq. The obtained data are then corrected and aligned to the reference genome. Subsequent analyses include database annotations, structural analysis, and differential expression analysis to identify genes associated with wing dimorphism. Pe: pseudo embryo; N1-N2: first to second instar nymphs; NR (Non-redundant protein database), NT (Non-redundant nucleotide database), GO (Gene Ontology), Pfam (Protein families database), KOG (euKaryotic Ortholog Groups), KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes), Swiss-Prot (manually annotated and reviewed protein sequence database), AS (Alternative splicing), APA (Alternative Polyadenylation), LncRNA (Long non-coding RNA), DEG (Differential Expressed Genes).