Fig. 1

Study flowchart of the enrolled patients. Non-motion artifacts include fold over artifacts, vascular pulsation artifacts and metal artifacts. Other problems include inconsistencies in scope before and after rescanning, changes in PD sequence parameters, uneven magnetic fields, etc. Failing to meet data processing criteria include missing frames, inconsistencies before and after rescanning. Roughly divided into training cohort and validation cohort by a ratio of approximately 9:1. Additionally, an independent testing cohort was collected for model evaluation.