Table 4 Global-scale assessment of the projected urban land from FU3D dataset and three similar global 2D urban projection datasets under SSP2 in 2020 against the EAS-CCI-LC 2020 product.

From: FU3D: the first global projections of future urban three-dimensional (3D) expansion for the 21st century under shared socioeconomic pathways

Rearch

Model used

OA

Kappa

FoM

QD

AD

FU3D (this study)

MECA-3D

0.9998

0.9397

0.2274

3.74%

8.07%

Chen et al.6

FLUS

0.9989

0.6267

0.1744

18.03%

19.74%

Li et al.10

Logistic-Trend-CA

0.9984

0.4934

0.1534

5.44%

12.97%

Gao et al.95

SELECT

0.9988

0.5687

0.1555

7.01%

20.19%

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