Table 1 Mean ± standard deviation of the young, middle, and older adults’ Hurst exponent, sample entropy, and recurrence quantification analysis (RQA) percent determinism at each kinematic measurement.

Measurement	Young	Middle	Old	Young vs. Middle	Young vs. Old	Middle vs. Old
Hurst Exponent
Stride Length	0.83 ± 0.09	0.83 ± 0.09	0.81 ± 0.08	0.257	3.06 × 104	67.674
Stride Interval	0.68 ± 0.15	0.69 ± 0.12	0.65 ± 0.13	0.722	86.905	3.21 × 109
Hip ROM	0.71 ± 0.10	0.75 ± 0.10	0.76 ± 0.10	6.80 × 108	1.34 × 1012	0.152
Knee ROM	0.64 ± 0.08	0.64 ± 0.08	0.64 ± 0.08	0.073	0.062	0.067
Ankle ROM	0.65 ± 0.09	0.67 ± 0.09	0.65 ± 0.08	1.07 × 105	0.248	97.281
Sample Entropy
Stride Length	1.71 ± 0.21	1.75 ± 0.21	1.78 ± 0.19	19.604	2.04 × 105	0.859
Stride Interval	2.01 ± 0.44	1.99 ± 0.38	2.07 ± 0.42	0.115	1.947	695.336
Hip ROM	1.86 ± 0.19	1.84 ± 0.18	1.84 ± 0.18	0.655	0.212	0.067
Knee ROM	1.91 ± 0.17	1.91 ± 0.17	1.92 ± 0.16	0.060	0.082	0.093
Ankle ROM	1.83 ± 0.21	1.86 ± 0.17	1.89 ± 0.18	5.570	1.09 × 104	1.743
RQA % Determinism
Thigh Pitch	75.32 ± 15.51	72.42 ± 19.62	70.82 ± 19.21	5.833	2.22 × 103	0.211
Shank Pitch	54.79 ± 15.83	53.81 ± 13.78	55.56 ± 13.88	0.133	0.096	1.298
Foot Pitch	76.37 ± 11.41	73.86 ± 14.74	73.94 ± 12.24	27.545	51.869	0.056

Range of motion has been shortened to ROM for clarity. Numeric values under the Young vs. Middle, Young vs. Old, and Middle vs. Old columns disclose Bayes Factors between age groups and represent the strength of evidence supporting the alternative hypothesis that the two compared groups have different gait kinematics. Scientific notation is given for Bayes Factors greater than 1000 for readability.

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