Figure 5
From: PPARα activation directly upregulates thrombomodulin in the diabetic retina
Pemafibrate inhibits retinal vascular leakage by upregulating TM. (a) Fluorescent images showing retinal vascular leakage in diabetic rats. STZ-induced diabetic rats were fed pemafibrate or vehicle. STZ-induced diabetic rats treated with pemafibrate or vehicle were then intravitreally injected with control siRNA or siRNA targeting Thbd. Vascular leakage was visualized by staining with FITC-dextran. Retinas were examined using fluorescence microscopy. Representative images of retinas from nondiabetic rats, untreated diabetic rats, diabetic rats treated with pemafibrate and control siRNA, and diabetic rats treated with pemafibrate and siThbd are shown. The square areas in the top row are magnified and shown in the bottom row. Scale bar = 100 μm. (b) Retinal permeability was quantified by measuring the fluorescence intensity of FITC-dextran in the images on the bottom row (n = 4 per group). (Results are expressed as mean ± SD of three independent experiments. *p < 0.05. Mann–Whitney U test).
