Table 3 Cerebrovascular burden and hippocampal and insular atrophy on neuroimaging in the study groups.

From: Autonomic function in amnestic and non-amnestic mild cognitive impairment: spectral heart rate variability analysis provides evidence for a brain–heart axis

 

CN (n = 78)

aMCI (n = 82)¶¶

naMCI(n = 93)#

P-value

Fazekas' scale score†

    

 PVWML

1.3 (0.5)

1.7 (0.8)

1.4 (0.6)

0.018a*

 DWML

1.2 (0.5)

1.4 (0.6)

1.8 (0.7)

 < 0.001a***,c***

Kim's scale score†

    

 Right HA

1.4 (0.8)

2.5 (1.0)

1.4 (0.7)

 < 0.001a***,b***

 Left HA

1.7 (0.8)

2.5 (1.0)

1.6 (0.7)

 < 0.001a***,b***

 Mean HA

1.6 (0.7)

2.4 (1.0)

1.5 (0.6)

 < 0.001a***,b***

FI rating scale score‡

    

 Right IA

1.6 (0.6)

2.3 (0.6)

1.6 (0.6)

 < 0.001a***,b***

 Left IA

1.5 (0.5)

2.1 (0.6)

1.5 (0.4)

 < 0.001a***,b**

 Mean IA

1.6 (0.5)

2.3 (0.6)

1.6 (0.5)

 < 0.001a***,b***

  1. Scale scores expressed as mean (standard deviation). Kruskall-Wallis test with Bonferroni-corrected pairwise comparisons.
  2. CN, cognitively normal (controls); aMCI, amnestic mild cognitive impairment; naMCI, non-amnestic mild cognitive impairment; PVWML, periventricular white matter lesions (score range 0–3, higher scores indicate greater WML load); DWML, deep white matter lesions (score range 0–3, higher scores indicate greater WML load); HA, hippocampal atrophy (score range 0–4, higher scores indicate greater HA; FI, frontoinsula; IA, insular atrophy (score range 0–3, higher scores indicate greater atrophy).
  3. †On CT.
  4. ‡On MRI.
  5. CT available for n = 34, MRI for n = 14.
  6. ¶¶CT available for n = 82, MRI for n = 54.
  7. #CT available for n = 90, MRI for n = 56.
  8. aSignificant difference between aMCI and naMCI, bSignificant difference between aMCI and CN, cSignificant difference between naMCI and CN, ***P ≤ 0.001, **P < 0.01, *P < 0.05.
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