Table 3 Multivariate analysis of recurrent biliary obstruction in benign and malignant groups using competing-risks regression.

RBO = 225, Competing^a = 56, Censored = 827	Multivariate competing-risks regression^b (n = 1,108)
Independent variable	SHR	95% CI	p value^c
Age	1.00	0.99–1.02	0.59
Men	1.01	0.74–1.38	0.96
BMI	1.01	0.98–1.04	0.69
Antithrombotic agents	1.27	0.88–1.82	0.20
Serum total bilirubin	1.02	1.00–1.05	0.09
Grade of acute cholangitis	1.06	0.90–1.24	0.49
Periampullary diverticulum	0.80	0.55–1.17	0.24
Intradiverticular papilla	0.72	0.28–1.86	0.50
SEMS	0.37	0.21–0.66	0.001
7Fr inside stent	1.72	0.45–6.48	0.43
10Fr-Plastic stent	Reference	–	–
8.5Fr-Plastic stent	0.58	0.35–0.95	0.030
7Fr-Plastic stent	0.86	0.50–1.49	0.59
Total number of stenting	1.88	0.96–3.68	0.07
Location of biliary stricture
Other^d	Reference	–	–
Distal	1.26	0.66–2.38	0.48
Perihilar	1.51	0.65–3.51	0.34
Non-stricture	1	(Omitted because of collinearity)
Length of stricture
< 10 mm	Reference	–	–
10–20 mm	0.83	0.45–1.54	0.56
20–30 mm	0.63	0.34–1.19	0.16
30–40 mm	0.84	0.41–1.76	0.65
> 40 mm	0.68	0.33–1.42	0.31
Type of major papilla
Other type	Reference	–	–
Naïve papilla	1.82	0.27–12.22	0.54
Post EST	2.25	0.31–16.29	0.42
Post plastic stenting	2.08	0.31–13.76	0.45
Altered gastrointestinal anatomy
Other^e	Reference	–	–
Normal	2.43	0.34–17.33	0.37
Billroth I	6.37	0.87–46.74	0.07
Billroth II	0.56 × 10^–5	0.06 × 10^–5–4.94 × 10^–5	< 0.001
Pancreaticoduodenectomy	0.94	0.03–29.14	0.97
Roux-en-Y with gastrectomy	2.86	0.36–22.47	0.32
Malignant Group	3.58	2.35–5.43	< 0.001

SHR subdistribution hazard ratio, RBO recurrent biliary obstruction, BMI body mass index, SEMS self-expandable metallic stent.
^aCompeting event was defined as patient’s death after stent placement.
^bFine and Gray model.
^cGray test.
^dIntrahepatic stricture (n = 3), Diffuse stricture (n = 7).
^eGastrojejunostomy (n = 4), Roux-en-Y with hepaticojejunostomy (n = 2), Reconstruction of the esophagus (n = 2), Duodenoplasty (n = 1), Choledocho-duodenostomy (n = 1).

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