Table 2 Univariate logistic regression analysis to find association with the difficulty in crossing the culprit lesion.
From: Factors associated with difficulty in crossing the culprit lesion of acute myocardial infarction
Independent variables | Odds ratio | 95% confidence interval | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
Patient characteristics | |||
Age | 1.027 | 1.004–1.051 | 0.020 |
male sex | 0.684 | 0.389–1.202 | 0.187 |
Underlying disease | |||
Height (per 10 cm incremental) | 0.812 | 0.660–0.999 | 0.049 |
Body weight (per 10 kg incremental) | 0.851 | 0.698–1.037 | 0.110 |
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) (per 10 mmHg incremental) | 1.049 | 0.969–1.135 | 0.236 |
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) (per 10 mmHg incremental) | 1.037 | 0.915–1.174 | 0.571 |
Heart rate (beat per minute) (per 10 bpm incremental) | 1.143 | 1.028–1.271 | 0.014 |
Underlying disease | |||
Hypertension | 1.820 | 0.813–4.071 | 0.145 |
Diabetes mellitus | 1.550 | 0.916–2.623 | 0.102 |
Dyslipidemia | 1.594 | 0.896–2.836 | 0.113 |
Hemodialysis | 1.978 | 0.967–4.049 | 0.062 |
History of previous MI | 0.794 | 0.369–1.705 | 0.554 |
History of previous PCI | 2.078 | 1.203–3.592 | 0.009 |
History of previous CABG | 1.738 | 0.596–5.068 | 0.311 |
Current smoker | 0.641 | 0.346–1.185 | 0.156 |
Medication before admission | |||
Aspirin | 2.338 | 1.381–3.956 | 0.002 |
Thienopyridine | 2.202 | 1.253–3.868 | 0.006 |
Beta-blocker | 1.519 | 0.860–2.681 | 0.150 |
ACE-inhibitor, ARB | 1.166 | 0.685–1.984 | 0.572 |
Calcium channel blocker | 0.962 | 0.558–1.660 | 0.890 |
Statin | 1.689 | 0.994–2.869 | 0.053 |
Diuretic | 1.696 | 0.873–3.296 | 0.119 |
Hypoglycemic agents | 2.182 | 1.273–3.740 | 0.005 |
Insulin | 1.601 | 0.660–3.882 | 0.298 |
Laboratory data at admission | |||
Serum creatinine (mg/dl) | 1.102 | 1.011–1.200 | 0.027 |
Estimated GFR (ml/min/1.73m2) | 0.999 | 0.991–1.008 | 0.871 |
Hemoglobin (g/dl) | 0.865 | 0.769–0.974 | 0.016 |
BNP (pg/ml) (per 100 pg/ml incremental) | 1.055 | 1.027–1.083 | < 0.001 |
Killip class | |||
4 versus 1–3 | 1.256 | 0.579–2.722 | 0.564 |
Cardiac arrest at prehospital or ER | 2.236 | 0.966–5.177 | 0.060 |
Shock vital at prehospital or ER | 1.062 | 0.492–2.294 | 0.878 |
Admission within 24 h of onset | 0.449 | 0.246–0.821 | 0.009 |
STEMI (vs. NSTEMI) | 0.623 | 0.370–1.047 | 0.074 |
Lesion characteristics | |||
Culprit lesion | |||
Left main—left anterior descending artery versus others | 1.231 | 0.730–2.075 | 0.436 |
Number of narrowed coronary arteries | |||
3 vessel disease versus 1 or 2 vessel disease | 2.046 | 1.191–3.515 | 0.010 |
Left main trunk lesion | 0.897 | 0.376–2.139 | 0.806 |
Left main trunk bifurcation lesion | 0.854 | 0.259–2.823 | 0.796 |
Ostia lesion | 1.765 | 0.807–3.863 | 0.155 |
Bifurcation lesion | 0.634 | 0.316–1.270 | 0.199 |
Initial TIMI flow grade of culprit | |||
3 versus 0–2 | 0.286 | 0.139–0.589 | 0.001 |
TIMI Thrombus grade | |||
4–5 versus 0–3 | 2.863 | 1.668–4.913 | < 0.001 |
Lesion length (mm) (per 10 mm incremental) | 1.189 | 0.968–1.461 | 0.099 |
Reference diameter (mm) | 0.387 | 0.252–0.595 | < 0.001 |
Proximal reference diameter (mm) | 0.392 | 0.249–0.618 | < 0.001 |
Tortuosity | |||
Excessive tortuosity versus mild-moderate tortuosity | 1.364 | 0.406–4.589 | 0.616 |
Eccentricity | |||
Eccentric versus concentric | 0.208 | 0.028–1.525 | 0.122 |
Calcification | |||
Moderate-severe versus none-mild | 3.828 | 2.260–6.485 | < 0.001 |
Type of obstruction site | |||
Blunt versus tapered | 10.832 | 6.188–18.961 | < 0.001 |
In-stent lesion | 2.573 | 1.281–5.168 | 0.008 |
The presence of collateral to the culprit lesion (Rentrop grade) | |||
1–3 versus 0 | 2.777 | 1.639–4.706 | < 0.001 |
Occurrence of slow flow in PCI | 0.453 | 0.108–1.898 | 0.279 |
Procedural characteristics | |||
Approach site | |||
Trans radial coronary intervention versus TFI or TBI | 0.575 | 0.342–0.967 | 0.037 |
PCI procedure | |||
Drug eluting stent versus others | 0.438 | 0.240–0.800 | 0.007 |
Size of guiding catheter | |||
≥ 7 versus 6Fr | 3.426 | 1.985–5.914 | < 0.001 |
Number of guiding catheter | |||
≥ 2 versus 1 | 4.964 | 2.606–9.456 | < 0.001 |
Number of stent | |||
≥ 2 versus 0–1 | 1.787 | 0.900–3.551 | 0.097 |
Number of balloon | |||
≥ 3 versus 0–2 | 3.327 | 1.909–5.798 | < 0.001 |
Use of extension guide catheter | 2.958 | 1.382–5.113 | 0.003 |
Use of micro catheter | 41.98 | 15.060–117.019 | < 0.001 |
Use of aspiration catheter | 0.545 | 0.231–1.291 | 0.168 |
Use of rotational coronary atherectomy | 2.025 | 0.766–5.353 | 0.155 |
Temporary pacemaker | 0.906 | 0.318–2.577 | 0.853 |
Intra-aortic balloon pumping support | 1.132 | 0.500–2.563 | 0.766 |
V-A ECMO | 1.108 | 0.257–4.783 | 0.890 |
