Figure 5

Endoscopic, gross inspection, and histopathology views after irreversible electroporation (IRE) in the phase 2 study. The first row represents the esophageal ablation effect at 1500 V (717.7 V/cm), the second row is the result of ablation of the stomach at 1000 V (1000 V/cm), and the third row shows the duodenal ablation results at 1000 V (478.5 V/cm). First column: endoscopic view immediately after IRE ablation of (a) esophagus, (f) stomach, and (k) duodenum. Second column: tissue gross inspection 24 h after IRE ablation of (b) esophagus, (g) stomach, and (l) duodenum. Third column: hematoxylin and eosin staining of electroporated (c) esophagus, (h) stomach, and (m) duodenum (black arrowhead; non-ablated area, yellow arrow head; ablated area). Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), 100 × magnification. Fourth column: magnified (× 300) H&E staining of (d) esophagus showing epithelial karyolysis (thin arrow) and some pyknotic nuclear changes in the submucosa (thick arrow), (i) stomach showing a fragmented nucleus, karyorrhexis (thin arrow) and pyknotic nucleus (thick arrow), and (n) duodenum presenting karyolysis (thin arrow) in the form of nucleus and some pyknotic nucleus (thick arrow) with glandular atrophy (*). Fifth column: terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling assay of (e) esophagus, (j) stomach, and (o) duodenum. H&E: 100 × magnification.