Table 3 Basic parameters of the cold cumulative hydrostatic extrusion HE of Ti grade 2.

From: The impact of severe plastic deformations obtained by hydrostatic extrusion on the machinability of ultrafine-grained Ti grade 2 intended for fasteners

Notation/HE pass

Billet diameter d0 (mm)

Product diameter df (mm)

True Strain in one pass ɛ = lnR(a)

Total true strain (cumulative) ɛcum

Tadiabatic (oC)

T/Tm(b)

Extrusion pressure pHE (MPa)

Linear extrusion speed VHE (mm/s)

Plastic deformation speed ἑHE (s−1)

Ti gr2/1

50.00

24.75

1.40

1.40

423

0.36

1101

54.35

3.64

Ti gr2/2

24.75

15.93

0.88

2.28

342

0.32

891

48.55

5.05

  1. aR—reduction ratio = initial to final cross section.
  2. bTm—melting point = 1665 °C.
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