Table 1 Ethogram of behaviour categorized as manipulative behaviour.

From: Fewer culturable Lactobacillaceae species identified in faecal samples of pigs performing manipulative behaviour

Manipulative behaviour

Definition

Tail manipulation

Snout in touching distance to tail, or nosing around tail area, or chewing on tail. Recipient does not react

Tail biting

Snout in touching distance to tail, or nosing around tail area, or chewing on tail. Recipient reacts physically by walking away, shaking the head, or retaliating

Ear manipulation

Snout in touching distance to ear, or nosing around ear area, or chewing on ear. Recipient does not react

Ear biting

Snout in touching distance to ear, or nosing around ear area, or chewing on ear. Recipient reacts physically by walking away, shaking the head, or retaliating

  1. Touching distance = possibility to hold tail or ear in mouth.
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