Table 4 Ratio of ORs for association between prevalence of AD and each socioeconomic factor, 2009–2022.
From: National prevalence of atopic dermatitis in Korean adolescents from 2009 to 2022
Overall OR | Pre-pandemic era OR | Pandemic era OR | Ratio of ORs | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
2009–2022; weighted OR | 2009–2019; weighted OR | 2020–2022; weighted OR | (Pandemic/pre-pandemic); weighted ratio of OR | |
Grade, weighted (95% CI) | ||||
7th–9th grade (middle school) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
10th–12th grade (high school) | 1.05 (1.03 to 1.07) | 1.04 (1.01 to 1.06) | 1.11 (1.06 to 1.16) | 1.07 (1.01 to 1.12) |
Sex, weighted (95% CI) | ||||
Male | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
Female | 1.40 (1.37 to 1.42) | 1.40 (1.37 to 1.43) | 1.38 (1.32 to 1.44) | 0.99 (0.94 to 1.04) |
Region of residence, weighted (95% CI) | ||||
Rural | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
Urban | 1.02 (1.00 to 1.04) | 1.03 (1.01 to 1.06) | 0.98 (0.94 to 1.02) | 0.95 (0.91 to 1.00) |
BMI group, weighted (95% CI)a | ||||
Underweight | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
Normal | 1.13 (1.10 to 1.16) | 1.13 (1.11 to 1.16) | 1.11 (1.05 to 1.18) | 0.98 (0.92 to 1.05) |
Overweight | 1.25 (1.21 to 1.29) | 1.28 (1.23 to 1.32) | 1.15 (1.06 to 1.25) | 0.90 (0.82 to 0.98) |
Obese | 1.25 (1.21 to 1.30) | 1.29 (1.24 to 1.34) | 1.18 (1.10 to 1.27) | 0.92 (0.84 to 0.99) |
School performance, weighted (95% CI) | ||||
Low (0–19 percentile) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
Lower-middle (20–39 percentile) | 1.13 (1.10 to 1.17) | 1.13 (1.09 to 1.17) | 1.13 (1.05 to 1.23) | 1.00 (0.92 to 1.09) |
Middle (40–59 percentile) | 1.07 (1.04 to 1.09) | 1.07 (1.04 to 1.10) | 1.01 (0.94 to 1.07) | 0.94 (0.88 to 1.01) |
Upper-middle (60–79 percentile) | 1.03 (1.00 to 1.05) | 1.03 (1.00 to 1.06) | 1.01 (0.95 to 1.07) | 0.98 (0.92 to 1.05) |
High (80–100 percentile) | 1.04 (1.01 to 1.08) | 1.04 (1.01 to 1.08) | 1.04 (0.96 to 1.12) | 1.00 (0.92 to 1.09) |
Parent’s highest educational level, weighted (95% CI) | ||||
Middle school graduated or under | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
High school graduated | 1.19 (1.10 to 1.28) | 0.87 (0.80 to 0.94) | 0.71 (0.55 to 0.93) | 0.82 (0.62 to 1.07) |
University graduated or higher | 1.21 (1.17 to 1.24) | 1.03 (0.96 to 1.11) | 0.84 (0.65 to 1.10) | 0.82 (0.62 to 1.07) |
Household income, weighted (95% CI) | ||||
Middle lower or lower | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
Middle | 1.22 (1.19 to 1.25) | 1.18 (1.15 to 1.22) | 1.39 (1.30 to 1.49) | 1.18 (1.09 to 1.27) |
Middle higher or higher | 1.02 (1.00 to 1.04) | 1.02 (0.99 to 1.04) | 1.01 (0.96 to 1.06) | 0.99 (0.94 to 1.05) |
Alcohol consumption, weighted (95% CI) | ||||
Non-drinker | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
1–2 day | 1.10 (1.06 to 1.13) | 1.09 (1.05 to 1.12) | 1.10 (1.01 to 1.20) | 1.01 (0.92 to 1.11) |
3–5 day | 1.17 (1.12 to 1.23) | 1.15 (1.09 to 1.22) | 1.26 (1.09 to 1.46) | 1.10 (0.94 to 1.28) |
6–9 day | 1.16 (1.08 to 1.24) | 1.14 (1.05 to 1.22) | 1.26 (1.03 to 1.54) | 1.11 (0.89 to 1.37) |
≥ 10 day | 1.49 (1.41 to 1.58) | 1.44 (1.36 to 1.53) | 1.80 (1.52 to 2.12) | 1.25 (1.05 to 1.49) |
Smoking status, weighted (95% CI) | ||||
Non-smoker | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
Smoker | 1.08 (1.05 to 1.10) | 1.06 (1.03 to 1.08) | 1.17 (1.09 to 1.26) | 1.10 (1.02 to 1.19) |
Stress status, weighted (95% CI)b | ||||
None | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
Mild | 0.95 (0.89 to 1.01) | 0.94 (0.88 to 1.01) | 1.01 (0.87 to 1.17) | 1.07 (0.91 to 1.27) |
Moderate | 1.18 (1.11 to 1.25) | 1.17 (1.09 to 1.25) | 1.22 (1.06 to 1.40) | 1.04 (0.89 to 1.22) |
High | 1.44 (1.36 to 1.53) | 1.42 (1.33 to 1.52) | 1.51 (1.31 to 1.74) | 1.06 (0.91 to 1.24) |
Severe | 1.77 (1.66 to 1.88) | 1.75 (1.64 to 1.88) | 1.84 (1.59 to 2.14) | 1.05 (0.89 to 1.24) |
Sadness and despair, weighted (95% CI) | ||||
No | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
Yes | 1.41 (1.38 to 1.44) | 1.41 (1.38 to 1.44) | 1.39 (1.33 to 1.46) | 0.99 (0.94 to 1.04) |
Suicidal thoughts, weighted (95% CI) | ||||
No | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
Yes | 1.41 (1.38 to 1.44) | 1.40 (1.36 to 1.43) | 1.46 (1.37 to 1.55) | 1.04 (0.98 to 1.12) |
Suicidal attempts, weighted (95% CI) | ||||
No | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
Yes | 1.61 (1.54 to 1.68) | 1.58 (1.51 to 1.66) | 1.77 (1.57 to 2.00) | 1.12 (0.98 to 1.28) |
