Figure 5

Tendency in clinical outcomes among the three groups during the course of a 12-month follow-up. (a) Mean VAS scores for back pain, ranged from 0 (no pain) to 10. (b) Mean VAS scores for leg pain, ranged from 0 (no pain) to 10. (c) Mean Oswestry disability index (ODI) scores, ranged from 0 (no disability) to 100. (d) Mean physical component score (PCS) of 36-item short-form health survey (SF-36), ranged from 0 (severe impairment) to 100. (e) Mean mental component score (MCS) of SF-36, ranged from 0 (severe impairment) to 100.