Table 1 Characteristics of the patients at baseline, clinical and perioperative outcomes.

From: Prospective comparative analysis of three types of decompressive surgery for lumbar central stenosis: conventional, full-endoscopic, and biportal endoscopic laminectomy

 

Total

(N = 106)

OPEN

(N = 29)

UNIPORT (N = 32)

BIPORT

(N = 45)

*p-value

Demographics

 Age (years)

66.8 ± 7.8

69.2 ± 7.4

66.8 ± 9.1

65.3 ± 6.8

0.114

 Sex distribution

0.200

  Female

46 (43.4)

11 (37.9)

11 (34.4)

24 (53.3)

 

  Male

60 (56.6)

18 (62.1)

21 (65.6)

21 (46.7)

 

 BMI (kg/m2)

25.3 ± 3.2

25.5 ± 2.6

25.5 ± 2.6

25.1 ± 3.9

0.759

 BMD (T-score)

− 1.4 ± 1.3

− 1.3 ± 1.6

− 1.3 ± 1.0

− 1.5 ± 1.3

0.786

Baseline

 CPK (U/L)

130.62 ± 80.14

163.66 ± 94.33

121.90 ± 74.61

115.53 ± 68.81‡

0.030

 LDH (IU/L)

341.51 ± 172.41

441.93 ± 224.32

205.92 ± 97.11†

373.22 ± 105.95§

 < .001

 ESR (mm/h)

9.38 ± 8.82

10.90 ± 14.14

9.38 ± 5.49

8.41 ± 5.90

0.501

 CRP (mg/L)

0.53 ± 1.55

0.81 ± 2.75

0.27 ± 0.46

0.53 ± 0.82

0.405

 Muscle CSA

976.4 ± 327.8

1015.6 ± 413.8

968.3 ± 304.6

956.8 ± 284.0

0.747

 Dural CSA

40.2 ± 14.3

41.5 ± 14.8

41.7 ± 15.0

38.4 ± 13.6

0.523

 VAS back pain

5.51 ± 2.40

5.07 ± 2.66

6.48 ± 1.78

5.11 ± 2.46§

0.022

 VAS leg pain

6.79 ± 2.38

6.76 ± 2.42

6.45 ± 2.50

7.04 ± 2.30

0.563

 ODI

45.76 ± 17.17

44.31 ± 15.52

47.14 ± 18.95

45.70 ± 17.17

0.815

 SF-36 PCS

41.57 ± 14.88

40.72 ± 15.13

41.50 ± 13.74

42.16 ± 15.77

0.922

 SF-36 MCS

56.15 ± 16.95

59.90 ± 17.79

52.86 ± 14.54

56.07 ± 17.83

0.271

Surgical related outcomes

 Operative time (min)

104.7 ± 38.9

96.8 ± 33.6

109.8 ± 37.7

106.2 ± 42.7

0.405

 Length of admission (day)

6.8 ± 3.2

8.9 ± 3.7

5.2 ± 2.2†

6.5 ± 2.8‡

 < .001

 Revision‖

5 (4.3)

0 (0)

3 (8.1)

2 (4.2)

NA

  1. BMI, body mass index; BMD, bone mineral density; CPK (U/L), creatine phosphokinase (units per liter); LDH (IU/L), lactate dehydrogenase (international units per liter); ESR (mm/h), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (millimeters per hour); CRP (mg/L), C-reactive protein (milligrams per liter); CSA (mm2), cross sectional area; VAS, Visual analog scale; ODI, Oswestry disability index; SF-36, 36-Item Short Form Health Survey; PCS, physical component summary; MCS, mental component summary; NA, not available.
  2. *From analysis of variance or χ2 test.
  3. †Significant difference (p < 0.05) between OPEN and UNIPORT group, by post hoc comparison.
  4. ‡Significant difference (p < 0.05) between OPEN and BIPORT group, by post hoc comparison.
  5. §Significant difference (p < 0.05) between UNIPORT and BIPORT group, by post hoc comparison.
  6. ‖Revision represents the outcomes for all 115 patients enrolled before dropout.
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