Table 3 Statistical parameter (NRMSE) for evaluation of different model to estimate soil thermal conductivity at different water content.

Study of model	Soil texture	Sigmoidal model	Johansen⁷ model	Lu et al.¹⁰ model
Model development	Silty clay	0.0709	0.1112	0.1067
	Clay loam	0.0777	0.0894	0.1206
	Silt loam	0.0998	0.1971	0.1326
	Loam (coarse)	0.0790	0.9161	0.1333
	Loam (fine)	0.0790	0.1069	0.1069
	Sandy loam	0.0633	0.1742	0.1579
	Loamy sand	0.0561	0.3836	0.3693
Validation	Silt loam	0.1026	0.1794	0.1071
	Loam	0.1384	0.2319	0.0902
	Sand	0.1937	0.1378	0.1160

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