Table 5 Effect of different nano-silica levels on the distribution of geochemical forms of heavy metals in the studied soil.

From: Nano silica-mediated stabilization of heavy metals in contaminated soils

Nano-silica (mg/kg)

EX Pb

CAR Pb

OX Pb

OM Pb

Res Pb

EX Cu

CAR Cu

OX Cu

OM Cu

Res Cu

EX Zn

CARZn

OX Zn

0

6.73 a

26.03 a

10.28 c

8.75 b

8.03 a

6.27 a

17.22 a

17.24 a

6.27 b

14.44 c

18.68 a

90.42 a

34.16 d

100

6.73 a

26.02 a

10.28 c

8.75 b

8.03 a

6.27 a

17.22 a

17.24 a

6.27 b

14.44 c

18.68 a

90.41 a

34.16 d

200

6.57 b

25.82 a

10.32 bc

8.82 ab

8.1 a

6.2 a

17.02 b

17.29 a

6.3 b

14.48 bc

17.71 b

90.36 a

34.72 c

500

6.5 b

25.75 a

10.42 b

8.87 a

8.2 a

6.17 a

16.91 bc

17.36 a

6.53 a

14.51 b

17.49 c

89.95 b

35.13 b

1000

6.19 c

25.42 a

10.59 a

8.92 a

8.33 a

5.99 b

16.83 c

17.39 a

6.63 a

14.57 a

17.32 c

88.7 c

36.47 a

Nano-silica (mg/kg)

OM Zn

Res Zn

EX Ni

CAR Ni

OX Ni

OM Ni

Res Ni

EX Cr

CAR Cr

OX Cr

OM Cr

Res Cr

 

0

26.52 c

31.14 c

4.76a

8.31a

17.92c

3.21c

5.76a

8.87 a

32.03a

14.52 c

11.14a

12.32b

 

100

26.52 c

31.14 c

4.76a

8.31a

17.92c

3.21c

5.8a

8.84 a

32.01a

14.53 c

11.14a

12.32b

 

200

26.36 bc

31.17 bc

4.62a

8.21b

18.03bc

3.31b

5.87a

8.8 a

31.97a

14.56c

11.14a

12.33b

 

500

26.73 b

31.2 b

4.57ab

8.09c

18.15ab

3.38 ab

5.9a

8.48 b

31.87a

14.68b

11.2a

12.39ab

 

1000

26.88 a

31.25 a

4.42b

7.97d

18.26a

3.42 a

5.96a

8.17 c

31.77c

14.77 a

11.2a

12.47a

 
  1. EX: Exchangeable, Car: Carbonated bound, OX: Fe/Mn Oxyhydroxide, OM: Organic matter bound, Res: Residual fraction. Means within a column with a common letter are not significantly different (P < 0.05).
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