Fig. 1

Schematic diagram of F. cirrhosa (a) Chao1 index of bacteria, showing the diversity of bacterial communities across different years of continuous cropping(b). Chao1 index of fungi, showing the diversity of fungal communities across different years of continuous cropping (c). Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCoA) of bacterial communities based on weighted UniFrac distances, illustrating the differences in bacterial community composition among various continuous cropping years (d). Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCoA) of fungal communities based on weighted UniFrac distances, illustrating the differences in fungal community composition among various continuous cropping years (e).