Table 1 The parameters used in simulations.

Gating velocity (m/s)

0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, 1.0, 1.2, 1.5, 1.7, 2.0

Ratio of cross-section area

1:20, 1:40, 1:60, 1:80, 1:100

Density of the liquid metal (kg/m³)

2400

Contact angle (°)

160

Surface tension coefficient (N/m)

0.914

Dynamic viscosity (Pa s)

0.0012