Table 2 Multivariable-adjusted dietary intakes of participants referred to the Diabetes Research Center across tertiles of dietary antioxidant index.

From: Association of dietary antioxidant indices with kidney function indicators in patients with type 2 diabetes: a cross-sectional study

 

Total

Mean ± SD

Tertiles of DAI

 

T1

 < −6.97

N = 79

T2

− 6.97–0.37

N = 79

T3

 > 0.37

N = 79

p-value

Total energy (Kcal/day)

1727.50 ± 540.19

1325.68 ± 417.74

1758.33 ± 389.21

2093.80 ± 505.29

 < 0.001

Protein (g/day)

81.42 ± 33.14

58.08 ± 23.24

79.61 ± 20.73

106.25 ± 34.13

 < 0.001

Fat (g/day)

63.41 ± 24.65

50.22 ± 18.65

65.41 ± 20.55

74.47 ± 27.59

 < 0.001

Carbohydrate (g/day)

214.36 ± 81.89

164.97 ± 71.88

219.13 ± 69.62

258.41 ± 76.21

 < 0.001

Saturated fatty acid (mg/day)

19.73 ± 9.66

15.56 ± 6.12

20.12 ± 10.09

23.46 ± 10.53

 < 0.001

Total dietary fiber (mg/day)

17.18 ± 8.83

11.17 ± 4.90

16.06 ± 5.63

24.21 ± 9.57

 < 0.001

Vitamin A (RAE/day)

1109.92 ± 1780.90

476.26 ± 337.52

773.14 ± 421.98

2068.08 ± 2789.58

 < 0.001

Vitamin D (μg/day)

0.41 ± 0.54

0.38 ± 0.52

0.42 ± 0.61

0.43 ± 0.50

 0.03

Vitamin E (mg/day)

4.08 ± 2.48

2.61 ± 1.22

4.01 ± 2.33

5.61 ± 2.67

 < 0.001

Vitamin K (μg/day)

174.74 ± 187.24

95.48 ± 112.06

183.16 ± 150.89

244.69 ± 242.88

 < 0.001

Vitamin C (mg/day)

121.58 ± 103.79

64.05 ± 44.11

100.70 ± 57.73

198.99 ± 131.49

 < 0.001

Vitamin B1 (μg/day)

1.50 ± 0.56

1.12 ± 0.50

1.58 ± 0.48

1.81 ± 0.49

 < 0.001

Vitamin B2 (mg/day)

1.50 ± 1.02

1.08 ± 0.46

1.42 ± 0.44

1.98 ± 1.52

 < 0.001

Vitamin B3 (mg/day)

22.83 ± 11.02

15.64 ± 7.31

22.45 ± 7.80

30.30 ± 11.96

 < 0.001

Vitamin B6 (μg/day)

1.94 ± 1.09

1.42 ± 1.41

1.90 ± 0.60

2.50 ± 0.82

 < 0.001

Vitamin B9 (μg/day)

352.25 ± 229.51

212.50 ± 99.51

334.02 ± 135.01

508.23 ± 292.83

 < 0.001

Vitamin B12 (μg/day)

5.30 ± 16.20

3.21 ± 4.55

4.00 ± 3.93

8.65 ± 27.09

 0.015

Iron (mg/day)

14.89 ± 8.03

9.73 ± 4.06

13.21 ± 3.93

21.63 ± 9.30

 < 0.001

Magnesium (mg/day)

298.05 ± 122.33

197.06 ± 61.48

296.01 ± 62.78

399.79 ± 128.79

 < 0.001

Zinc (mg/day)

10.94 ± 5.27

7.10 ± 2.51

10.80 ± 3.35

14.86 ± 5.98

 < 0.001

Calcium (mg/day)

686.42 ± 292.53

532.94 ± 227.47

696.63 ± 237.82

827.89 ± 325.38

 < 0.001

  1. Analysis of covariance has been used; all values are mean ± SD and adjusted for age, gender, and total energy intake.
  2. *P-value is reported based on ANCOVA test.
  3. p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
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