Table 4 Factors associated with overweight/obesity and central obesity on multivariate logistic regression analysis.

From: Prevalence and determinants of obesity and its association with upper gastrointestinal diseases in people aged 40–69 years in Yangzhong, southeast China

Characteristic

BMI-overweight/obesity

WC-central obesity

WHR-central obesity

WHtR-central obesity

P-value

AOR (95% CI)

P-value

AOR (95% CI)

P-value

AOR (95% CI)

P-value

AOR (95% CI)

Gender (ref: male)

< 0.001

0.752 (0.640–0.884)

< 0.001

3.083 (2.611–3.640)

0.087

1.184 (0.976–1.436)

0.225

1.107 (0.939–1.306)

Age group (ref: 60–69 years)

 40–49

0.370

1.079 (0.914–1.274)

 < 0.001

0.738 (0.622–0.875)

 < 0.001

0.381 (0.312–0.465)

 < 0.001

0.609 (0.513–0.722)

 50–59

0.025

1.155 (1.018–1.309)

0.285

0.932 (0.819–1.061)

 < 0.001

0.676 (0.572–0.798)

0.001

0.806 (0.706–0.920)

Marital status (ref: others)

0.179

1.152 (0.937–1.416)

0.846

1.021 (0.826–1.262)

0.541

1.087 (0.832–1.421)

0.479

0.923 (0.740–1.152)

Residence (ref: rural)

0.052

1.133 (0.999–1.285)

0.072

1.125 (0.990–1.280)

0.978

0.998 (0.857–1.162)

0.716

0.976 (0.858–1.111)

Education (ref: primary school and below)

 Junior middle school

0.109

0.903 (0.797–1.023)

0.008

0.842 (0.741–0.957)

 < 0.001

0.757 (0.645–0.889)

0.005

0.829 (0.728–0.944)

 Senior middle school and above

0.648

0.962 (0.814–1.137)

0.303

0.914 (0.771–1.084)

0.181

0.866 (0.702–1.069)

0.006

0.786 (0.662–0.934)

Average annual household income (Ref: 0–29,999 CNY)

 3–69,999

0.129

1.158 (0.958–1.400)

0.921

1.010 (0.831–1.227)

0.848

1.025 (0.793–1.325)

0.716

1.038 (0.848–1.271)

 7–109,999

0.384

1.092 (0.896–1.330)

0.923

1.010 (0.825–1.237)

0.977

0.996 (0.765–1.297)

0.675

0.956 (0.775–1.179)

 ≥ 110,000

0.070

1.199 (0.985–1.460)

0.866

1.017 (0.831–1.245)

0.692

1.055 (0.810–1.373)

0.736

0.965 (0.783–1.189)

Smoking (ref: never)

 Ever

0.063

1.283 (0.987–1.669)

0.039

1.310 (1.013–1.694)

0.120

1.320 (0.930–1.872)

0.322

1.147 (0.874–1.505)

 Current

0.002

0.761 (0.642–0.902)

0.173

0.885 (0.742–1.055)

0.035

0.804 (0.657–0.985)

 < 0.001

0.727 (0.612–0.864)

Drinking (ref: no)

0.373

0.936 (0.810–1.082)

0.954

1.004 (0.865–1.166)

0.063

1.186 (0.991–1.420)

0.991

1.001 (0.863–1.161)

Tea drinking (ref: no)

0.011

1.241 (1.052–1.465)

0.001

1.322 (1.116–1.565)

 < 0.001

1.428 (1.162–1.756)

 < 0.001

1.347 (1.136–1.598)

Sufficient vegetable (ref: no)

0.004

1.166 (1.050–1.295)

0.472

1.040 (0.934–1.159)

0.001

1.240 (1.090–1.409)

0.387

1.049 (0.941–1.170)

Sufficient fruit (ref: no)

0.705

0.953 (0.742–1.223)

0.707

0.952 (0.738–1.228)

0.253

0.846 (0.635–1.127)

0.951

0.992 (0.768–1.281)

Scalding diet (ref: no)

0.425

0.940 (0.809–1.094)

0.224

0.909 (0.780–1.060)

0.167

0.877 (0.728–1.057)

0.755

0.975 (0.834–1.141)

Pickled diet (ref: no)

 < 0.001

1.247 (1.127–1.380)

 < 0.001

1.221 (1.101–1.355)

 < 0.001

1.303 (1.151–1.476)

0.002

1.184 (1.066–1.315)

Leftovers diet (ref: no)

0.206

1.069 (0.964–1.185)

0.692

1.022 (0.919–1.136)

0.966

1.003 (0.883–1.139)

0.486

1.039 (0.934–1.155)

Fried diet (ref: no)

0.328

0.849 (0.610–1.179)

0.588

1.097 (0.784–1.535)

0.583

1.122 (0.744–1.692)

0.683

0.932 (0.666–1.305)

Irregular diet (ref: no)

0.115

1.209 (0.954–1.533)

0.250

1.151 (0.905–1.464)

0.243

0.852 (0.651–1.115)

0.167

1.188 (0.930–1.518)

Spicy diet (ref: no)

0.026

1.191 (1.021–1.389)

0.031

1.187 (1.016–1.387)

0.956

1.005 (0.834–1.212)

0.068

1.160 (0.989–1.360)

Eating too fast (ref: no)

 < 0.001

1.590 (1.416–1.785)

 < 0.001

1.496 (1.329–1.684)

 < 0.001

1.281 (1.108–1.480)

 < 0.001

1.407 (1.247–1.588)

Indoor air pollution (ref: no)

0.759

1.023 (0.886–1.181)

0.466

1.056 (0.911–1.225)

0.070

1.199 (0.985–1.461)

0.191

1.108 (0.950–1.291)

Missing teeth (ref: no)

0.449

0.958 (0.858–1.070)

0.861

1.010 (0.902–1.131)

0.021

1.168 (1.023–1.334)

0.133

1.091 (0.974–1.222)

Diet taste (ref: salty)

 Medium

0.957

0.996 (0.878–1.131)

0.939

1.005 (0.883–1.144)

0.322

0.924 (0.789–1.081)

0.593

0.965 (0.846–1.100)

 Light

0.916

0.993 (0.863–1.141)

0.326

1.074 (0.931–1.239)

0.919

1.009 (0.849–1.200)

0.718

1.027 (0.889–1.187)

Physical activity (ref: low)

 Moderate

0.004

0.854 (0.767–0.950)

0.017

0.875 (0.785–0.976)

0.005

0.824 (0.721–0.943)

0.014

0.871 (0.779–0.973)

 High

0.364

1.119 (0.877–1.428)

0.260

1.153 (0.900–1.476)

0.558

1.096 (0.806–1.490)

0.124

1.223 (0.946–1.581)

Family history of cancer (ref: no)

0.045

1.110 (1.003–1.230)

0.021

1.131 (1.018–1.256)

0.060

1.128 (0.995–1.280)

0.020

1.134 (1.020–1.260)

Family history of common chronic disease (ref: no)

 < 0.001

1.321 (1.194–1.462)

0.003

1.171 (1.055–1.299)

0.166

1.093 (0.964–1.240)

0.004

1.166 (1.050–1.294)

Helicobacter pylori (ref: no)

0.495

1.035 (0.938–1.143)

0.445

0.961 (0.869–1.064)

0.816

0.986 (0.872–1.114)

0.827

0.989 (0.892–1.095)

  1. Regressions were adjusted for gender, age, marital status, residence, education, average annual household income, smoking, drinking, tea drinking, intake of sufficient vegetable, sufficient fruit, scalding diet, pickled diet, leftovers diet, fried diet, irregular diet, spicy diet, eating too fast, indoor air pollution, missing teeth, diet taste, physical activity, family history of cancer, family history of common chronic disease and Helicobacter pylori.
  2. BMI body mass index, WC waist circumference, WHR waist-to-hip ratio, WHtR waist-to-height ratio, AOR adjusted odds ratio, CI confidence interval, Ref reference category, CNY Chinese Yuan.
  3. Significant values are given in bold.
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