Table 1 Baseline characteristics of case group (post-stroke patients with aphasia) and control group (post-stroke patients without aphasia). SMD Standardized mean difference.
From: Increased risk of depression and associated symptoms in poststroke aphasia
Before matching | After matching | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Case (N = 12,337) | Control (N = 937,883) | SMD | Case (N = 12,333) | Control (N = 12,333) | SMD | |
Demographic data | ||||||
Age (years) | 65.8 ± 13.1 | 64.0 ± 14.3 | 0.130 | 65.8 ± 13.1 | 66.4 ± 12.9 | 0.045 |
Male | 6862 (55.6%) | 512,648 (54.7%) | 0.019 | 6862 (55.6%) | 6940 (56.3%) | 0.013 |
Race | ||||||
White | 6312 (51.2%) | 456,495 (48.7%) | 0.050 | 6312 (51.2%) | 6405 (51.9%) | 0.015 |
African American | 2555 (20.7%) | 124,058 (13.2%) | 0.200 | 2551 (20.7%) | 2472 (20.0%) | 0.016 |
Hispanic or Latino | 700 (5.7%) | 50,691 (5.4%) | 0.012 | 700 (5.7%) | 650 (5.3%) | 0.018 |
Asian | 512 (4.2%) | 40,019 (4.3%) | 0.006 | 512 (4.2%) | 510 (4.1%) | 0.001 |
Baseline comorbidities | ||||||
Hypertension | 6439 (52.2%) | 280,149 (29.9%) | 0.466 | 6435 (52.2%) | 6558 (53.2%) | 0.020 |
Diabetes mellitus | 3369 (27.3%) | 148,956 (15.9%) | 0.280 | 3365 (27.3%) | 3423 (27.8%) | 0.011 |
Hyperlipidemia | 4005 (32.5%) | 154,941 (16.5%) | 0.377 | 4001 (32.4%) | 4035 (32.7%) | 0.006 |
Overweight and obesity | 1446 (11.7%) | 64,526 (6.9%) | 0.167 | 1445 (11.7%) | 1432 (11.6%) | 0.003 |
Atrial fibrillation | 2081 (16.9%) | 69,989 (7.5%) | 0.291 | 2078 (16.8%) | 2095 (17.0%) | 0.004 |
Heart failure | 1625 (13.2%) | 65,388 (7.0%) | 0.207 | 1622 (13.2%) | 1519 (12.3%) | 0.025 |
Chronic kidney disease | 1589 (12.9%) | 69,280 (7.4%) | 0.183 | 1588 (12.9%) | 1629 (13.2%) | 0.010 |
Epilepsy | 919 (7.4%) | 19,720 (2.1%) | 0.253 | 915 (7.4%) | 885 (7.2%) | 0.009 |
Dementia | 498 (4.0%) | 11,413 (1.2%) | 0.177 | 495 (4.0%) | 454 (3.7%) | 0.017 |
Chronic pain | 664 (5.4%) | 35,170 (3.7%) | 0.078 | 663 (5.4%) | 649 (5.3%) | 0.005 |
Smoke | 1274 (10.3%) | 55,325 (5.9%) | 0.163 | 1272 (10.3%) | 1248 (10.1%) | 0.006 |
Alcohol | 495 (4.0%) | 19,086 (2.0%) | 0.116 | 494 (4.0%) | 468 (3.8%) | 0.011 |
Socioeconomic status | ||||||
Never married | 1330 (10.8%) | 86,008 (9.2%) | 0.054 | 1329 (10.8%) | 1239 (10.0%) | 0.024 |
Low income | 10 (0.1%) | 88 (0.0%) | 0.034 | 10 (0.1%) | 10 (0.1%) | < 0.001 |
Medication | ||||||
Hypnotics | 3674 (29.8%) | 167,189 (17.8%) | 0.283 | 3670 (29.8%) | 3685 (29.9%) | 0.003 |
Antidepressants | 1871 (15.2%) | 70,921 (7.6%) | 0.241 | 1868 (15.1%) | 1894 (15.4%) | 0.006 |
Antipsychotics | 1002 (8.1%) | 30,968 (3.3%) | 0.209 | 1000 (8.1%) | 925 (7.5%) | 0.023 |
Anticonvulsants | 2710 (22.0%) | 94,051 (10.0%) | 0.330 | 2706 (21.9%) | 2710 (22.0%) | 0.001 |
