Table 1 Demographic and clinical parameters of the POD and non-POD groups.
Characteristic | POD group | Non-POD group | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
(n = 18) | (n = 59) | ||
Age (years) | 75.67 ± 11.772 | 69.27 ± 13.292 | 0.071 |
Male/female (n) | 11/7 | 41 / 18 | 0.506 |
Smoking (n) | 11 (61.1%) | 34 (57.6%) | 0.793 |
Alcohol (n) | 18 (100%) | 45 (76.3%) | 0.022 |
Pathology | |||
Acute cholecystitis (n) | 6 (33.3%) | 30 (50.8%) | 0.192 |
Acute gangrenous cholecystitis (n) | 12 (66.7%) | 29 (49.2%) | 0.192 |
Acute cholecystitis severity | |||
None & Severity I (n) | 0 (0%) | 3 (5.1%) | 0.108 |
Severity II (n) | 17 (94.4%) | 56 (94.9%) | 0.108 |
Severity III (n) | 1 (1.7%) | 0 (0%) | 0.108 |
CCI | 1.61 ± 1.50 | 1.63 ± 1.69 | 0.971 |
Past history | |||
DM (n) | 3 (16.7%) | 16 (27.1%) | 0.368 |
HTN (n) | 3 (16.7%) | 18 (30.5%) | 0.248 |
CVD (n) | 3 (16.7%) | 15 (25.4%) | 0.442 |
CVA (n) | 8 (44.4%) | 16 (27.1%) | 0.165 |
Pulmonary disease (n) | 3 (16.7%) | 14 (23.7%) | 0.527 |
Renal disease (n) | 2 (11.1%) | 9 (15.3%) | 0.66 |
Abdominal surgery (n) | 6 (33.3%) | 11 (18.6%) | 0.188 |
Psychiatry (n) | 8 (44.4%) | 9 (15.3%) | 0.014 |
Periodic BZD intake (n) | 7 (38.9%) | 11 (18.6%) | 0.076 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 22.07 ± 4.58 | 23.46 ± 4.10 | 0.227 |
SGA | 2.56 ± 0.86 | 1.86 ± 0.8 | 0.002 |
PNI | 30.95 ± 7.71 | 42.92 ± 25.08 | 0.074 |
ASA-PS | |||
1 | 0 (0%) | 3 (5.1%) | 0.104 |
2 | 10 (55.6%) | 41 (69.5%) | 0.104 |
3 | 8 (44.4%) | 14 (23.7%) | 0.104 |
4 | 0 (0%) | 1 (1.7%) | 0.104 |
Time from diagnosis to surgery (hour) | 104.17 ± 127.79 | 79.21 ± 64.89 | 0.275 |
Less than 72 h from diagnosis to surgery (n) | 10 (55.6%) | 33 (55.9%) | 0.978 |
The operation time (min) | 128.28 ± 28.58 | 132.81 ± 37.08 | 0.635 |
Bleeding (ml) | 224.61 ± 354.2 | 159.81 ± 243.18 | 0.38 |
Blood transfusion (n) | 2 (11.1%) | 1 (1.7%) | 0.231 |
Additional epidural anesthesia (n) | 0 (0%) | 1 (1.7%) | 0.457 |
Additional abdominal drainage (n) | 16 (88.9%) | 53 (89.8%) | 0.603 |
Surgical technique | |||
Open (n) | 7 (38.9%) | 21 (35.6%) | 0.457 |
Laparoscopic (n) | 11 (61.1%) | 37 (62.7%) | 0.457 |
Laparotomy transition (n) | 0 (0%) | 1 (1.7%) | 0.457 |
Outcome measures | |||
Postoperative complications (n) | 3 (16.7%) | 10 (16.9%) | 0.644 |
Mortality (n) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | - |
Hospital stay (days) | 16.56 ± 16.41 | 13.88 ± 11.43 | 0.438 |
