Table 6 ANOVA table showing effect of class of hormonal contraceptive on serum vitamin D, calcium and alkaline phosphate level of participants in Gondar town, Northwest Ethiopia, 2023 (N = 324, Gondar, 2023).

From: A comparative study of hormonal contraceptive use and vitamin D levels at Gondar Town 2023

Parameters

Type/class of HCs

Norplant users

DMPA users

Pill (COC) users

Controls

P-value

x ± SD

x + SD

x + SD

x + SD

Serum vit D

24.08 (± 5.17)

24.83 (± 5.52)

31.90 (± 6.94)abc

22.00 (± 7.97)

< 0.0001*

Serum calcium

9.33 (± 1.14)

9.34 (± 1.06)

9.98 (± 0.89) abc

8.99 (± 1.01)

< 0.0001*

Serum ALP

58.29 (± 14.29)

65.40 (± 14.88)

64.05 (± 16.06)

45.55 (± 14.73) acd

< 0.0001*

  1. *Statistically significant in One-way ANOVA (a-d Superscript letters represent statistical significance in post hoc Bonferroni post hoc test)
  2. ap < 0.001 when Norplant user group compared to COC user group (One-way ANOVA/Bonferroni post hoc test)
  3. bp < 0.001 when pill users groups compared to DMPA users’ group (One-way ANOVA/Bonferroni post hoc test)
  4. cp < 0.001 when COC users groups compared to Non-HC-user Controls group (One-way ANOVA/Bonferroni post hoc test)
  5. dp < 0.001 when DMPA users groups compared to Non-HC-user Controls group (One-way ANOVA/Bonferroni post hoc test)
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