Fig. 4 | Scientific Reports

Fig. 4

From: Cleistanthin A derivative disrupts autophagy and suppresses head and neck squamous cell carcinoma progression via targeted vacuolar ATPase

Fig. 4

ECDD-S18 inhibits autophagic flux in HNSCC cells. Cal-27 (a) and FaDu (b) cells were transfected with plasmid encoding RFP-GFP-LC3B and then were exposed to EBSS (starvation condition, positive control), 0.1, 1, and 2 µM ECDD-S18 or 0.1 µM bafilomycin A1 (negative control) for 24 h. The number of total LC3B puncta per cell was then analyzed. Scale bar = 20 µm. Bar graphs show the number of RFP+GFP+-LC3B (autophagosomes), RFP+GFP--LC3B (autolysosomes), and total puncta per cell. Data are mean ± S.E.M. (n = 3). *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, and ****p < 0.0001, relative to DMSO control. #p < 0.05, ##p < 0.01, and ####p < 0.0001, relative to starvation (EBSS; positive control) using one-way ANOVA with a Tukey’s multiple comparison test.

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