Fig. 3 | Scientific Reports

Fig. 3

From: Associations between pain-related fear and lumbar movement variability during activities of daily living in patients with chronic low back pain and healthy controls

Fig. 3

Coupling angle calculation in one subject during lifting. Angles of the thorax are plotted against angles of the pelvis. A coupling angle \(\gamma{i}\)   is the angle between the right horizontal line and the vector between two consecutive points in the movement cycle (pi and pi + 1) of the 101 time-normalized points.

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