Table 1 Demographics and results of questionnaires and assessments of low back pain (LBP) patients and healthy individuals in mean ± standard deviation and p-value of two-sample t-test.

From: Associations between pain-related fear and lumbar movement variability during activities of daily living in patients with chronic low back pain and healthy controls

 

LBP patients

(n = 49)

Healthy individuals

(n = 51)

T-test

(p-value)

Demographics

 Sex (female/male)

29/20

30/21

 

 Age (years)

29.63 ± 7.20

28.35 ± 5.23

0.306

 BMI (kg/m2)

22.60 ± 3.20

22.37 ± 2.32

0.677

Pain-related fear questionnaires

 TSK

32.18 ± 5.53

31.78 ± 5.87

0.727

 PHODA-SEV Total

24.48 ± 11.86

18.69 ± 11.34

0.014

  Score of PHODA-items (number):

   PHODA-lift (3)

50.82 ± 25.29

46.47 ± 25.16

0.391

   PHODA-walk (35)

6.84 ± 10.39

3.43 ± 5.81

0.045

   PHODA-run (34)

21.06 ± 22.47

11.08 ± 11.54

0.006

   PHODA-downstairs (28)

8.78 ± 12.13

4.71 ± 6.02

0.035

   PHODA-upstairs (27)

7.80 ± 11.03

3.69 ± 5.61

0.020

Pain measurement on visual analogue scale (0–10)

 Pain at measurement

2.18 ± 1.48

–

 

 Average pain last 4 weeks

3.57 ± 1.55

–

 

Disability questionnaire

 ODI

29.39 ± 7.81

–

 
  1. BMI: Body mass index, PHODA-SEV: Photograph Series of activities of daily life-short electronic version, PHODA-activity: single item for one activity of Photograph Series of activities of daily life, ODI: Oswestry Disability Index, TSK: Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia, p-value < 0.05: bold.
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