Table 3 Model coefficients of the six significant linear regression models.

From: Associations between pain-related fear and lumbar movement variability during activities of daily living in patients with chronic low back pain and healthy controls

Regressor	Predictor	Estimate	SE	t	p
Walking downstairs - frontal plane - AAVV	Intercept	0.157	0.035	4.436	< 0.001
	Age	0	0.001	− 0.11	0.915
	BMI	0.001	0.001	0.494	0.622
	Sex:
	male–female	− 0.031	0.007	− 4.38	< 0.001
	Group:
	P–HC	0.022	0.008	2.731	0.008
	TSK	0	0.001	0.718	0.474
	PHODA-downstairs	0.001	0.001	1.097	0.276
	PHODA-downstairs ✻ Group:
	PHODA-downstairs ✻ (P–HC)	− 0.001	0.001	− 1.24	0.218
Walking upstairs - frontal plane - CV	Intercept	4.397	14.57	0.302	0.763
	Age	0.073	0.217	0.336	0.737
	BMI	0.762	0.509	1.498	0.138
	Sex:
	male–female	− 11.071	2.912	− 3.8	< 0.001
	Group:
	P–HC	− 2.634	3.234	− 0.81	0.417
	TSK	0.265	0.237	1.12	0.265
	PHODA-upstairs	− 0.295	0.338	− 0.87	0.385
	PHODA-upstairs ✻ Group:
	PHODA-upstairs ✻ (P–HC)	0.83	0.379	2.19	0.031
Walking upstairs - frontal plane - CAV	Intercept	11.084	4.58	2.42	0.018
	Age	0.039	0.068	0.571	0.57
	BMI	0.112	0.162	0.692	0.491
	Sex:
	male–female	− 5.494	0.909	− 6.04	< 0.001
	Group:
	P–HC	− 1.007	1.019	− 0.99	0.326
	TSK	0.088	0.074	1.192	0.236
	PHODA-upstairs	− 0.064	0.106	− 0.61	0.545
	PHODA-upstairs ✻ Group:
	PHODA-upstairs ✻ (P–HC)	0.073	0.118	0.615	0.54
Walking upstairs - frontal plane - AAVV	Intercept	0.101	0.04	2.514	0.014
	Age	0	0.001	− 0.53	0.595
	BMI	0.001	0.001	0.434	0.666
	Sex:
	male–female	− 0.044	0.008	− 5.46	< 0.001
	Group:
	P–HC	0.01	0.009	1.133	0.26
	TSK	0.001	0.001	1.608	0.111
	PHODA-upstairs	0	0.001	− 0.23	0.816
	PHODA-upstairs ✻ Group:
	PHODA-upstairs ✻ (P–HC)	0.001	0.001	0.84	0.403
Walking upstairs - frontal plane - DP	Intercept	28.238	9.748	2.897	0.005
	Age	− 0.02	0.144	− 0.14	0.89
	BMI	− 0.274	0.345	− 0.79	0.43
	Sex:
	male–female	− 12.866	1.935	− 6.65	< 0.001
	Group:
	P–HC	− 2.083	2.168	− 0.96	0.339
	TSK	0.305	0.158	1.934	0.056
	PHODA-upstairs	− 0.002	0.225	− 0.01	0.991
	PHODA-upstairs ✻ Group:
	PHODA-upstairs ✻ (P–HC)	0.155	0.252	0.614	0.541
Walking upstairs - transversal plane - CAV	Intercept	30.812	6.951	4.433	< 0.001
	Age	0.15	0.103	1.46	0.148
	BMI	− 0.365	0.246	− 1.48	0.142
	Sex:
	male–female	− 4.324	1.38	− 3.13	0.002
	Group:
	P–HC	− 1.947	1.546	− 1.26	0.211
	TSK	− 0.061	0.112	− 0.55	0.586
	PHODA-upstairs	− 0.07	0.16	− 0.44	0.664
	PHODA-upstairs ✻ Group:
	PHODA-upstairs ✻ (P–HC)	0.208	0.18	1.159	0.249

AAVV: Angle-angular velocity variability, CV: Coefficient of variation, CAV: Coupling angle variability, DP: Deviation phase, BMI: body mass index, P: LBP patients, HC: healthy controls, TSK: Tampa scale for Kinesiophobia, PHODA: Photograph Series of daily activities (single item), p < 0.05: bold.

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Table 3 Model coefficients of the six significant linear regression models.

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