Table 1 Demographic data.

From: Serial engagement of distinct motor learning mechanisms to alter walking after stroke

 

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

Group

Age (years)

54

68

42

51

53

68

47

68

47

51

53

62

63

55

51

55.5 ± 8.3

Gender (male/female)

F

F

F

F

M

M

M

F

M

M

F

M

F

M

M

8/7

Time post stroke (days)

3416

734

280

828

1231

305

2382

2937

130

2192

264

2846

197

877

1562

1345 ± 1132

Paretic side (right/left)

L

L

R

L

L

R

L

R

R

L

L

R

R

L

R

7/8

Self-selected gait speed (m/s)

0.73

0.41

0.77

0.74

0.82

1.03

1.18

0.74

0.66

0.51

0.51

0.74

0.79

0.43

0.44

0.72 ± 0.2

Step-length difference (cm)

− 14.94

− 12.53

− 4.07

− 3.10

− 10.67

− 2.36

− 13.42

− 3.90

− 2.39

− 3.39

− 6.00

− 12.03

− 14.00

− 16.29

− 4.14

− 8.2 ± 5.2

LE-FM score

22

30

33

26

32

33

25

26

31

21

22

31

26

19

32

27.3 ± 4.8

MoCA score

23

25

20

26

26

28

30

30

27

23

27

27

NA

23

NA

25.8 ± 2.9

Proprioception (+ / −)

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

9/6

Condition order

A,AR,R

AR,A,R

A,AR,R

A,AR,R

AR,R,A

R,A,AR

A,R,AR

R,AR,A

AR,A,R

AR,A,R

R,A,AR

AR,R,A

A,R,AR

R,A,AR

R,AR,A

NA

  1. Demographic data for individual subjects. Group data are means ± SD or counts. M, Male; F, Female; R, Right; L, Left; Step-length asymmetry, Zero is symmetrical and more negative values indicate greater asymmetry; LE-FM, Lower extremity subscale for the Fugl-Meyer; out of 34, Higher is less impairment. Proprioception, Out of 18 total responses (6 probes at 3 joints); +, Intact indicates that all responses were correct, −, Impaired indicates at least one response was incorrect; MoCA, MONTREAL Cognitive Assessment; out of 30, higher is less impairment, NA listed for participants with aphasia for whom the MoCA score would not accurately reflect cognition. A, Adaptation alone; R, Reinforcement alone; AR, Reinforcement + Pre-adaptation.