Table 2 Control Group definitions. Definitions for different types of controls used in the included studies. Each control type is described along with its respective explanation.

From: Video-based approaches in health education: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Control type

Live lecture

Face-to-face lecture facilitated by a faculty 24

Face-to-face Instruction

Instruction that happens in a physical classroom 30

Live simulation

Process by which there is an attempt to achieve results approximating clinical practice as closely as possible 31

Live demonstration

Process or skill being performed face-to-face for observation and review

Live assessment

In-person assessment of a performed process or skill

Live feedback

In-person information communicated to the learner that is intended to modify their thinking or behavior for the purpose of improving learning 32

Live case discussion

Narration of real-life cases 33 and discussion

Handout instruction

Instruction from a written handout 34

Conventional medical device

Standard instrument intended to be used on human beings for medical purposes - adapted for educational purposes 35