Fig. 7 | Scientific Reports

Fig. 7

From: Bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis unveils causal association between inflammatory cytokines and the risk of diabetic nephropathy

Fig. 7Fig. 7

Forest plots of LOO analysis. (A) Gene expression of IL-1α; (B) Gene expression of TGF-α; (C) Gene expression of TNFSF14; (D) Gene expression of TRANCE; (E) Gene expression of GDNF; In this representation, each black dot symbolizes the DN with increased standard deviation (SD) in the inflammatory cytokine, generated by utilizing each SNP as an individual IV. Conversely, the red dot denotes the causal estimation derived from all SNP combinations using various MR methods. The horizontal line segment represents the 95%CI. Specifically, the IVW causal estimate illustrates how the overall estimate (depicted by the red horizontal line) might be disproportionately influenced by the removal of a single variant (indicated by the black horizontal line).

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