Table 1 Mean Absolute Error (MAE) prediction of LSTM, SVR, AdaBoost, ArDHO, and COA-DCF in six locations for 1–10 days.
Day (1–10) | Models/location | LSTM | SVR | AdaBoost | ArDHO | Proposed COA-DCF |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Day1 | L1 | 0.33 | 0.23 | 0.23 | 0.24 | 0.21 |
L2 | 0.29 | 0.23 | 0.23 | 0.24 | 0.23 | |
L3 | 0.24 | 0.23 | 0.22 | 0.23 | 0.23 | |
L4 | 0.24 | 0.22 | 0.22 | 0.23 | 0.23 | |
L5 | 0.22 | 0.21 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | |
L6 | 0.22 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | |
Day2 | L1 | 0.44 | 0.58 | 0.51 | 0.43 | 0.47 |
L2 | 0.67 | 0.65 | 0.51 | 0.44 | 0.48 | |
L3 | 0.54 | 0.51 | 0.49 | 0.43 | 0.42 | |
L4 | 0.53 | 0.52 | 0.49 | 0.41 | 0.43 | |
L5 | 0.51 | 0.49 | 0.48 | 0.45 | 0.44 | |
L6 | 0.51 | 0.49 | 0.45 | 0.4 | 0.42 | |
Day3 | L1 | 0.68 | 0.63 | 0.56 | 0.5 | 0.49 |
L2 | 0.78 | 0.66 | 0.54 | 0.49 | 0.49 | |
L3 | 0.65 | 0.55 | 0.49 | 0.44 | 0.44 | |
L4 | 0.63 | 0.57 | 0.51 | 0.45 | 0.45 | |
L5 | 0.61 | 0.55 | 0.53 | 0.46 | 0.46 | |
L6 | 0.61 | 0.54 | 0.52 | 0.43 | 0.43 | |
Day4 | L1 | 0.72 | 0.63 | 0.56 | 0.51 | 0.51 |
L2 | 0.83 | 0.68 | 0.54 | 0.5 | 0.5 | |
L3 | 0.69 | 0.59 | 0.49 | 0.46 | 0.46 | |
L4 | 0.67 | 0.58 | 0.51 | 0.47 | 0.47 | |
L5 | 0.62 | 0.56 | 0.53 | 0.48 | 0.48 | |
L6 | 0.62 | 0.55 | 0.52 | 0.46 | 0.47 | |
Day5 | L1 | 0.82 | 0.63 | 0.56 | 0.53 | 0.53 |
L2 | 0.88 | 0.68 | 0.54 | 0.51 | 0.51 | |
L3 | 0.73 | 0.59 | 0.49 | 0.47 | 0.47 | |
L4 | 0.72 | 0.58 | 0.51 | 0.48 | 0.48 | |
L5 | 0.68 | 0.56 | 0.53 | 0.51 | 0.51 | |
L6 | 0.66 | 0.55 | 0.52 | 0.48 | 0.49 | |
Day6 | L1 | 0.91 | 0.63 | 0.56 | 0.56 | 0.56 |
L2 | 0.9 | 0.68 | 0.54 | 0.54 | 0.54 | |
L3 | 0.75 | 0.59 | 0.49 | 0.49 | 0.49 | |
L4 | 0.71 | 0.58 | 0.51 | 0.51 | 0.51 | |
L5 | 0.69 | 0.56 | 0.53 | 0.53 | 0.53 | |
L6 | 0.67 | 0.55 | 0.52 | 0.53 | 0.52 | |
Day7 | L1 | 0.92 | 0.69 | 0.64 | 0.61 | 0.6 |
L2 | 0.92 | 0.78 | 0.64 | 0.61 | 0.58 | |
L3 | 0.92 | 0.62 | 0.59 | 0.55 | 0.51 | |
L4 | 0.92 | 0.62 | 0.59 | 0.56 | 0.52 | |
L5 | 0.92 | 0.58 | 0.56 | 0.57 | 0.56 | |
L6 | 0.92 | 0.58 | 0.57 | 0.56 | 0.55 | |
Day8 | L1 | 0.94 | 0.87 | 0.8 | 0.79 | 0.77 |
L2 | 0.94 | 0.84 | 0.8 | 0.79 | 0.76 | |
L3 | 0.94 | 0.64 | 0.61 | 0.59 | 0.57 | |
L4 | 0.94 | 0.65 | 0.61 | 0.6 | 0.58 | |
L5 | 0.94 | 0.6 | 0.59 | 0.6 | 0.58 | |
L6 | 0.94 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.57 | 0.58 | |
Day9 | L1 | 0.95 | 0.82 | 0.81 | 0.8 | 0.78 |
L2 | 0.95 | 0.89 | 0.81 | 0.8 | 0.77 | |
L3 | 0.95 | 0.68 | 0.63 | 0.61 | 0.59 | |
L4 | 0.95 | 0.71 | 0.63 | 0.62 | 0.59 | |
L5 | 0.95 | 0.65 | 0.63 | 0.64 | 0.61 | |
L6 | 0.95 | 0.65 | 0.64 | 0.63 | 0.61 | |
Day10 | L1 | 0.96 | 0.91 | 0.9 | 0.86 | 0.86 |
L2 | 0.96 | 0.96 | 0.9 | 0.86 | 0.85 | |
L3 | 0.96 | 0.74 | 0.7 | 0.64 | 0.61 | |
L4 | 0.96 | 0.74 | 0.7 | 0.63 | 0.62 | |
L5 | 0.96 | 0.67 | 0.64 | 0.63 | 0.62 | |
L6 | 0.96 | 0.65 | 0.63 | 0.62 | 0.6 |