Table 3 Univariate and multivariate analysis of factors contributing to death within 90 days of phase 3 empyema VATS decortication.

Age

1.04 (1.01–1.06)

0.005

1.05 (1.01–1.08)

0.015

Gender

Male

1.25 (0.53–2.94)

0.603

Female

1

Cardiovascular disease

Yes

2.44 (1.24–4.77)

0.009

1.49 (0.65–3.43)

0.349

No

1

End-stage renal disease

Yes

3.88 (1.72–8.76)

0.001

3.59 (1.29–9.95)

0.014

No

1

Diabetes

Yes

0.92 (0.47–1.78)

0.802

No

1

Hypertension

Yes

1.33 (0.65–2.69)

0.434

No

1

COPD

Yes

1.49 (0.71–3.15)

0.294

No

1

Affected side

Right

1

Left

0.60 (0.30–1.18)

0.140

Bilateral

2.79 (0.17–46.05)

0.474

White blood cell

1.02 (0.97–1.06)

0.477

Hemoglobin

0.84 (0.70–1.01)

0.070

Pleural pH

≦ 7.2

0.45 (0.22–0.94)

0.033

0.56 (0.25–1.29)

0.014

> 7.2

1

1

Pleural glucose

≦ 40 mg/dL

1.31 (0.65–2.62)

0.453

> 40 mg/dL

1

Pleural LDH

< 1000 IU/L

1

≧ 1000 IU/L

0.89 (0.41–1.92)

0.758

Operative time

0.99 (0.98-1.00)

0.262

Duration to surgery

≦ 7.5 days

1

> 7.5 days

4.88 (2.42–9.83)

< 0.001

3.24 (1.43–7.37)

0.005