Table 1 Baseline demographic data and cardiopulmonary resuscitation factors.

From: Optimal timing of ultra-early diffusion-weighted MRI in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients based on a retrospective multicenter cohort study

Characteristic

Overall cohort

(n = 206)

HSI-absence group (n = 98)

HSI-presence group (n = 108)

P-valuea

Good neurological outcome (n = 74)

Poor neurological outcome (n = 132)

P-valuea

Age, median (IQR), y

58.0 (41.0–69.0)

55.0 (38.8–68.3)

59.5 (42.3–69.0)

0.28

57.0 (43.8–69.3)

58.0 (41.0–68.0)

0.93

Sex

 Female, n (%)

54 (26.2)

23 (23.5)

31 (28.7)

0.40

14 (18.9)

40 (30.3)

0.08

 Male, n (%)

123 (73.8)

75 (76.5)

77 (71.3)

60 (81.1)

92 (69.7)

 CCI score, median (IQR)

2.0 (0–4.0)

1.5 (0–4.0)

2.0 (0.3–4.0)

0.43

2.0 (0–4.0)

2.0 (0–3.0)

0.75

CPR factors

 

 Witness, n (%)

123 (59.7)

72 (73.5)

51 (47.2)

< 0.001

60 (81.1)

63 (47.7)

< 0.001

 Bystander CPR, n (%)

148 (71.8)

80 (81.6)

68 (63.0)

0.003

66 (89.2)

82 (62.1)

< 0.001

 Shockable rhythm, n (%)

58 (28.2)

46 (46.9)

12 (11.1)

< 0.001

42 (56.8)

16 (12.1)

< 0.001

 Cardiac etiology, n (%)

60 (29.1)

46 (46.9)

14 (13.0)

< 0.001

41 (55.4)

19 (14.4)

< 0.001

 Low-flow time, median (IQR), min

24.0 (13.8–35.3)

15.0 (8.0–21.3)

32.5 (25.0–43.0)

< 0.001

13.5 (6.8–19.3)

30.0 (22.3–40.0)

< 0.001

Laboratory results after ROSC, median (IQR)

 Serum lactic acid level, mmol/L

9.8 (6.2–13.4)

7.4 (5.1–10.6)

11.0 (7.2–14.4)

< 0.001

7.40 (4.3–10.8)

10.8 (6.9–14.1)

< 0.001

 Time to target temperature

5.0 (4.0–7.0)

5.5 (4.3–6.9)

5.0 (4.0–7.0)

0.34

5.3 (4.3–7.3)

5.0 (4.0–6.7)

0.33

 ROSC to DW-MRI scan-interval, median (IQR), h

2.7 (1.8–3.8)

2.3 (1.7–3.6)

2.9 (2.0–4.1)

0.04

2.5 (1.7–3.6)

2.8 (2.0–4.0)

0.39

Ultra-early DW-MRI, n (%)

 HSI-presence on DW-MRI, n (%)

108 (52.4)

   

0

108 (81.8)

< 0.001

 Diffuse and extensive anoxic injury, n (%)

80 (38.8)

0

80 (74.1)

< 0.001

0

80 (60.6)

< 0.001

 72–96 h DW-MRI, n (%)

168 (81.6)

94 (95.9)

74 (68.5)

 

71 (95.9)

97 (73.5)

 

 Diffuse and extensive anoxic injury, n (%)

92 (44.7)

19 (19.4)

74 (100.0)

< 0.001

0

92 (94.8)

< 0.001

 Poor neurological outcome, n (%)

132 (64.1)

24 (24.5)

108 (100.0)

< 0.001

   

 WLST after 72 h from ROSC

8 (3.9)

0

8 (7.4)

 

0

8 (6.0)

 

 Diffuse and extensive anoxic injury in 72–96 h DW-MRI, n (%)

  

8 (100.0)

    
  1. IQR, interquartile range; CCI, Charlson comorbidity index; CPR, cardiopulmonary resuscitation; DW-MRI, diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging; ROSC, return of spontaneous circulation; HSI, high-signal intensity; WLST, withdrawal of life-sustaining treatment.
  2. aP-values are based on χ2 test for categorical variables and Mann–Whitney U test for continuous variables.
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