Table 1 Evolution of smart city regulations and key factors: a comparative analysis (2019–2022)

From: Utilizing Artificial neural networks (ANN) to regulate Smart cities for sustainable Urban Development and Safeguarding Citizen rights

Years

Input variable

Output variable

Smart city regulations

Data protection regulations

Cybersecurity regulations

Citizen participation

Cybersecurity information sharing act

2019

70%

80%

60%

50%

60%

2020

80%

90%

70%

60%

70%

2021

90%

90%

80%

70%

80%

2022

90%

90%

80%

80%

80%