Table 2 Comparison of the proposed model versus individual pyramidal models, highlighting the advantage of the proposed model in balancing sensitivity and specificity for superior accuracy. All values are presented as the average (Mean) with a measure of variability (Standard Deviation, SD). Significant values are in bold.

From: Precise grading of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer with multi-scale pyramidal CNN

ShuffleNet models

Sensitivity %

Specificity %

Accuracy %

F1-Score %

Fusion (proposed)

94.47 ± 0.93

94.03 ± 0.95

94.25 ± 0.70

94.29 ± 0.70

512-patch model

94.52 ± 0.99

92.83 ± 1.14

93.68 ± 0.64

93.75 ± 0.62

256-patch model

90.72 ± 0.89

78.90 ± 1.10

84.83 ± 0.69

85.71 ± 0.64

128-patch model

56.16 ± 1.30

90.84 ± 1.10

73.44 ± 0.91

67.96 ± 1.19