Figure 1

(A) Retinal refraction difference values (RDVs): the centremost region corresponds to RDV0–10; the first annulus is RDV10–20; the second annulus is RDV20–30; the third annulus is RDV30–40; and the fourth annulus is RDV40–53. Positive values denote relative hyperopic defocus, and negative values denote relative myopic defocus. (B) The defocus values of the four sectoral quadrant regions of the retina are denoted as RDV-Superior (RDV-S), RDV-Inferior (RDV-I), RDV-Temporal (RDV-T), and RDV-Nasal (RDV-N).