Fig. 4

(A) Distribution of respiratory pathogen infection patterns in 2020–2022. (B) Co-infection proportions in 2020–2022. (C) Distribution of respiratory pathogen infection patterns in 2023. (D) Co-infection proportions in 2023. (E) The interactions between two pathogens. Positive interactions with P-value < 0.05 were denoted in red star and the negative interactions with P-value < 0.05 were denoted in black star.