Fig. 3

Optimization of culture conditions to enhance the biomass, total phenolic content (TPC), and caffeoylputrescine production of HRs. The effects of the media (1(a) and 1(b)), sucrose concentration (2(a) and 2(b)), and initial pH (3(a) and 3(b)) were investigated. The presented values are the mean ± standard error of three replicates; the data were recorded after 24 days of culture.