Fig. 2

Marker genes of associated epithelial cells contain known nsCL/P candidate genes. Volcano plot showing differentially expressed genes between nsCL/P associated (scDRS p-value < 0.01) and non-associated (scDRS p-value > 0.1) epithelial cells. Numbers within each group are depicted in the integrated bar plot. Genes with adjusted p-values < 0.05 (dashed horizontal line) and log₂FC > 0.1 were considered marker genes for nsCL/P associated cells (red). Genes with adjusted p-values < 0.05 and log₂FC < -0.1 were considered marker genes for non-associated cells (blue). Top 10 genes with the lowest p-values are labeled. Non-syndromic cleft lip with/without cleft palate (nsCL/P), log₂ fold change (log₂ FC), single-cell disease relevance score (scDRS).